Endometriosis Causes & Management - Endometriosis Awareness Month - March2023

It is disorder in which tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside the uterus. Endometriosis affects up to 10% of women between the ages of 15 and 44. It most often occurs on or around reproductive organs in the pelvis or abdomen.




Patient Usually Complains Of –

  • Painful menstrual cramps that may go into the abdomen (stomach) or lower back
  • Pain during or after sex
  • Heavy or irregular periods
  • Infertility 

Other Symptoms May Include:

  • Diarrhoea or constipation during a menstrual period
  • Fatigue or low energy
  • Pain with urination or bowel movements during a menstrual period
  • Spotting or bleeding between menstrual periods

Sites of Endometriosis-

  • Fallopian tubes
  • Ligaments around the uterus (uterosacral ligaments)
  • Lining of the pelvic cavity
  • Ovaries
  • Outside surface of the uterus
  • Space between the uterus and the rectum or bladder

More rarely, it can also grow on and around the:

  • Bladder
  • Cervix
  • Intestines

Risk Factor Includes –

  • Early menstruation (before age 11)
  • Shorter menstrual periods (less than 27 days on average)
  • Heavy menstrual periods lasting more than seven days
  • Family history of endometriosis

Cause of Endometriosis – Although exact cause is not known but many theories are proposed.

  • Blood or lymph system transport: Endometrial tissues are transported to other areas of the body through the blood or lymphatic systems.
  • Direct transplantation: Endometrial cells may attach to the walls of the abdomen or other areas of the body after a surgery, such as a C-section or hysterectomy.
  • Genetics: Endometriosis seems to affect some families more often than others, so there may be a genetic link to the condition.
  • Reverse menstruation: Endometrial tissue goes into the fallopian tubes and the abdomen during menses.

Endometriosis and Infertility

Endometriosis is one of the most common conditions linked to female infertility.  25% to 50% of women with infertility may have endometriosis. Mild to moderate cases of endometriosis may only cause temporary infertility. Surgery to remove the endometrial tissue can help a woman become pregnant. Visit Matricare Clinic for best gynecologist in Indore.

Common diagnostic tools include:

  • Ultrasound – Transvaginal (TVS) ultrasound is the first line of modality to detect endometriosis.
  • MRI - Sometimes MRI is needed especially in young girls to detect the disease.
  • Laparoscopy and biopsy -The only way to know for sure if one has endometriosis is with a minor surgical procedure called Laparoscopy.  A doctor will make a small cut in your belly and insert a thin tube with a tiny light called a laparoscope. This allows the doctor to look at the tissues in and around the uterus and take a biopsy, and check for signs of endometrial tissue growth.

Treatment Of Endometriosis – 

There's no cure for endometriosis and it can be difficult to treat. Treatment aims to ease symptoms so the condition does not interfere with your daily life. Treatment can be medical or surgical.

Medical Treatment –

As severe dysmenorrhoea (pain during menses) is the main symptom in most of the cases, Pain medications, including non. Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can be effective for managing endometriosis pain.

  • Oral contraceptives with estrogen and progesterone to control hormones.
  • Progestins to stop menstrual periods and endometrial tissue growth.
  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist to limit ovarian hormones.
  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist to stop ovarian hormones.

Laparoscopy for Endometriosis (Surgical Treatment)

Patients who have more advanced endometriosis, pain that does not resolve with other treatments or are trying to conceive may need surgery. Laparoscopy is the most common surgery doctors use to treat endometriosis. Consult a best Gynecologist for adenomyosis surgery in Indore.


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